Method of and apparatus for producing designations upon photographic material.



H. J. GAISMAN. v METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING DESIGNATIONS UPON PHOTOGRAPHICMATERIAL.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 23.19!!- fivitweooe o @6771 can.

H. 1. GAISMAN. METHOD OF AN 0 APPARATUS FOR PROD UCI NG DESIG NATIONS U PON PHOTOGRAPH 1C MATERIAL. APPUCATION FILEDVHARIVZ3. 19H.

1 ,272,41 5. Patented July 16, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

w... anus uterf/e/ QGZC'JHZGC/IZI H. .5. GFHSMAN. METHOD 05 AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING DESIGNATIONS UPON PHOTOGRAPHlC MATERIAL. APFLICATION FILED MAR. 23. I9! I.

1 372,4 1 5 Patented July 16, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

nrrED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY J'. GAISMAN, OF NEW YoRK N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY,

.OF ROCHESTER, YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

'METHOD OF AND APPARATU$ FOR PRODUCING DESIGNATION S UPON PHGTOGRAPHIC MATERIAL.

' Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 16, 1918.

Application filed March 23, 1911. Serial No. 616,428.

To all whom it may concern: v Be it known that I, HENRY J. GAISMAN, a citizen of the United States, residentof New York city -borough of Manhattan, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful lmproven'zents. in Methods of and Apparatus for Producing Designations Upon Photographic Material, of which the follow- ,ing is the specification.

My present invention has for its ob]ect to "provide a method of and means for producing upon a sensitized element, such as photograpluc film, contained in a holder or L camera, designations, markings or 1nd1ca-- tions which may, by subsequent exposure of the film to light and by development, appear in the negative and preferably in proximity to the photograph made by the exposure through the lens. The method consists generally in impressing, as by writing with a stylus or pencil, directly against the film or sensitized surface of the element while it is protected from light, so that said surface will be modified or altered on the lines of the characters traced or marked, and such markings will be subsequently made to ap pear by exposure to light and development in the usual manner. The alteration of the sensitized surface may be caused either by the application of finely divided material on the lines forming the designations to modify theaction of light upon the sensitized ma terial or to alter or modify the sensitized surface itself, in such manner thatthe characters will appear upon development. This result may be. accomplished by writing with a stylus or pencil upon one side of the film or sensitized medium through a locally deformable cover serving to prevent the passage of light to the sensitized surface-thereof while the. sensitized surface is in contact with what may be termed a transfer medium, said transfer inedium serving to affect the sensitized material only on the lines where the local deformation is caused by the pressure exerted by the stylus. The preferred mode, however, is to also locally deform the flexible film support or body and 7 bring the portions of the sensitized surface immediately beneath the stylus into contact with such medium, either to cause the mechanical transfer of particles of finely divided opaque material such as carbon, or the, mechanical bealing or marring of the sensitized coating on the marked or traced lines. In either event, the subsequent exposure to light of the parts of the sensitized material or element altered by the combined action of the stylus and transfer medium .and the development thereof will cause the writing or markings to appear in the negative, either for the purpose of-designating the latter or if desired of appearing in the print made from the negative.

In its broader aspect, the invention contemplates the production of manual or autographic designations. in or upon the sensitized material by writing upon a flexible or locally deformable covering material arranged in proximity to the film in order that the effect of such designations shall eventually appear in the developed negative. By the term flexible .or' locally deformable I mean depressible in the lines traced by the stylus, and this term also when used in connection with a sensitized material, as film, means that the sensitized coating and the base on which it is mounted (such as the usual nitrocellulose support) is intended to 30 be locally deformed by the stylus or pencil only on the lines traced by the latter.

It is preferred that the method should be carried out in a holder in which the film or sensitized material is supported for taking photographs in the ordinary way through a lens, and that the means for causing the designations upon the film be located adjacent the field of exposure, so that the designations may be placed in close'proximity to the negatives made through the lens. Itis, of course, immaterial whether the apparatus for carrying out my in vent-ion is strictly speaking a camera, that is whether or not it contains a lens and shutter as part of the permanent structure, as the apparatus employed is primarily a holder for photographic sensitive material such as film, andall the operative parts could as well be'embodied in a separate structure adapted to 196,100

camera is to be understood as meaning a device adapted to hold photographic material so that it may be exposed in the usual way.

While various means for carrying out the method may be employed, I have shown in the drawings the essential parts of an apparatus, but it will be understood that various modifications can readily be made by one skilled in the art.

: and 20 in a 'difi'erent position;

' Fig. 5 is a perspective detail view of a slightly modified form of camera or holder;

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a camera arranged toenable writing upon one side of the film or sensitized element at a point at one side of the exposure surface of the film;

Fig. 7 is a sectional view on the line 77 of Fig. (3;

Fig. 8 is a section on the line 8-8 of Fig. l;

. Fig. 9 is a section on the line 9-4) of Fig. 7

Fig. 10 is a sectional view of a camera showing a modification;

Fig. 11 is a section on the line llll of Fig. 10, and 1 Fig. 12 is a detached perspective view of the support shown in Fig. 11.

Similar reference numerals in the severalfigures indicate corresponding parts.

The camera or photographic apparatus indicated by 1 may be of any .suitable or well known construction and adapted foruse with photographic sensitized elements of any usual or well known Qharacter, such as flexible photographic film. By the .term film I mean a flexible support such as nitrocellulose or celluloi l base having upon one of its surfaces a sensitized coating such as gelatino-argentic emulsion. In the form of holder or camera shown in Figs. 1 to 5 I have illustrated the film 2 as adapted topass across the usual or suitable opening at the rear of the camera or holder closed by the door or lid 3 behind the film, said'opening in this instance being opposite the lens of the camera so that the part of the film exposed-through the lens is substantially the width of the camera. The portion of film upon which the designation is to beproduced extends in proximity to a suitable support. or surface preferably arranged in front of F the sensitized surface oi the film, and the writing or marking is elfected by writing or marking against. the back 'of the film with a pencil or stylus whereby the pressure upon face, and I may use a material such as ordinary carbon paper, the particles of carbon being transferred to the sensitized element when pressed against it by the stylus, or the surface of the medium may, if'desired, be roughened so that when the sensitized coating of the film is pressed against it, stipples or fine marks will be produced on the lines traced by the stylus. In Figs. 1 to 4; of the drawings, 18 represents a plate or shelf movably supported within the holder or camera as upon a shaft 19 journaled in suitable bearings in the holder walls said shaft be ing located near one end oftheholder so that the plate may be brought up and extend across a portion-of the film which is exposedthrough the lens in making a regular exposure. Upon the plate 18 is a'transfer sheet 20 such as an ordinary carbon sheet, which may be held upon the plate by pins21 or other supporting means. I have shown the camera provided on one edge with a slot 1 to permit the readyremoval and insertion of the shaft 19 carrying the plate, said shaft being held down in position when the door or lid 3 is closed by a bearing'member or projection 3 formed thereon, as shown in Fig. 1. The shaft 19 is or may be provided with a handle 22 which may be in the nature of a signal on the exterior of the camera or holder, so arranged as to indicate to the operator when the plate 18 is raised into proximity with the face of the film or lowered toward the side of the camera or holder. Suitable means are provided for holding the plate 18 I said plate, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and

when the plate 18 is to be moved back said springs or arms 23 will be retracted. A retaming latch 18 secured tot-he camera wall (Fig. 4) may bear against the plate 18 to retain the latter retracted from in front of the exposure part of the film, or springs 18 normally the pos1- and F1.

coact with the shaft 19 for turning the plate downwardly to tion shown in Fig. l in full lines 2 in dotted lines. 5 The means for enabling the film to be ."lvritten upon and at the same time to eX-. elude the light, is accomplished in this particular construction by providing the camera back With a suitable opening 1 opposed to the plate 18 when the latter is in front oi the this opening in the present instance bein lo ed in the door or movable Wall 3 'constitlu g the bacl: of the camera, ex tending beneath the opening l and ver the film is a flexible protector such as a piece of suitable fabric 25 shown in this instance as attached to the edges the aperture in sired one or more although if d L; camera or holder might be ly of flexible material if dc "we in Figs. 10 and 11. p This covering is locally depoint of a stylus or pensc lllldi otogragher may more the 8 'adjacen to the part; of a film opthe lens and then may Write upon it the Lac of the film through the y as secured to the camera body in a suite. le manner, it may also be adjustto bring different. parts in posi- "e'ritten upon or against, as for ihe fabric or cover may he in the a relatively long strip carried by 5 ill secured upon the cover 3, as by s 5), so that the fabric 1 esired With respect to "the v m to be operated upon.- Clips 1 y ivided adjacent the between the rollers ding the strip down and preom passing at the edges. iis form of device, the photog- A may move the plate 18 and the trans ersheet up in close proximity to the sensiced si bit the film 2 Whenever it is derto i vair-e a record photog apliically pro- 1. ed of any desired designation upon the 13m, and then by Writing with a stylus or pencil upon the film through the opening 1, the rear covering for the film and the film itself will cause to be produced upon the sltised surface, a corresponding des- "1, particles of carbon in this inance being transferred to the surface. ien the platebearing the transfer me- "dium will be moved aside to the position shown in l, and the picture taken in the usua Way through the lens, the light the firm containing the carbon paror otaeruise efiecled by the transfer in the charact rs formed by the l passing throu l he lens alsostrikmg a porthe film and the lens to the undeveloped or, more pareicularly, the

developed film with or Without subsequent exposure to light. If carbon paper is us the characters Will be transparent in the negative, and if the transfer medium is merely roughened, the sensitized coating will be broken, so that the Writing will appear. it. will be understood, of course, that if desired, )sures can be made in the ordinary way Without the use of the plate 18, the latter then being left in the position shown in Fig. The plate 18 and tha aperture in the back of the camera or holder through which the writing is effected, it will be noted, extend transversely of the direc tion or movement of the fihn When it is fed fori'ard in the camera or holder, so that the designations may appear at one end of the portion exposee.

instead of having the plate or shelf". 18 movably supported to be interposed between enable Writing or producing the desired designations directly upon the surface of the film While in the exposure position. the camera may he arranged to enable Writing upon the film at a point at one side of the line of exposure. This may be accomplished by a camera or holder constructed as shovvn in liigs. 6 to 9, whe i the plate or rest 18 is supported opposile the opening ll in the side or" the the drawings, the plate or shelf 18 shown may be adjusted located along the side of the camera having the reel 30 from which the film is unwound, so that the desired designation can be produced upon the sensitized face of the film before the film is'adjusted to the exposure position in line Withthe lens. 111 this form also the back or opposite side of the film is protected by a flexible protecmr or fabric 25 which may be dctachably or removably retained over the film or may be in continuous form mounted upon rollers 26 carried by frames or brackets 27, and one or both of said rollers may have suitable handles or knobs 26 for operating them, and the flexible material may be retained in position and guided by the clips or frames 28 held upon the camera in any suitable manner, whereby the protecting material along the exterior of the film. In this form ol camera, when the fihn is Written upon or against, the same action takes 'place as before and while the film is protectedfrom light,- and While a carbon sheet may be employed in this arrangement, the support 18' may have its surface rough-' ened or serrated as before described, and as shown in-Fig. 12, or it might even be smooth if desired, but this does not produce as satis factory a, result.- The'arrangements shown in Fig. 6 to 11 are such that as the opening 1 and the plate 18 are not in the line of the field of exposure through the lens, the film after being written uponor against will be adjusted to the exposure position so that the writin produced on the sensitized face of the lm may be brought into a position to be exposed to light as within the fieldof exposure, and light printed or photographed onto the film when the exosure is made. I WVhile I have illustrated and described a particular apparatus for carrying out my invention, it will be understood that any desired means may be provided to protect the film from light while the designations are being produced, and my invention is not limited to the particular form of holder or camera shown. film andfiexible covering therefor, are in such' proximity to the outer wall of the camera, and the portion u on which the writing may be effected is 0 such area that it is readily accessible for writing against the film with a stylus or pencil in the ordinary manner, and also that the flexible covering and opening extends transversely of the dir ition' of the feeding movement of the film whereby the designations produced in the negative maybe located between the exposures.

Having now describedmy invention What I claim is: I

1. The method of producing designations on film while protected from light within a photographic holder consisting in supporting a film opposite a support, in said holder, in writing against said film from the exterior of the holder to press it against said support and thereby alter its inherent characteristics through the application of Lpressure alone and finally developing said 2. The method of producing designations upon a photographically sensitive element while contained in a protecting and exposing holder comprising the steps of forming a mark within the holder in a position to be light printed upon the element; light print-- ing such Irark up0n said element, and developing the latter.

3. The method' of producing a designation upon a photographic film consisting in writing against the} film contained in an exposing holder and while protected from light and thereby altering inherent char-.

aoteristics by the application of pressure It will be noted that the gamers tive surface consistin in writin a ainst a c: g

the film, while opposed by a support and contained in an exposing holder protecting it from light, to affect the sensitive surface,

of the film corresponding to the writing, then exposing the film to light, and finally developing thesaid portion of the film.

5. A method for producing designations on a film while protected from light consisting in disposing a film opposite a support in a means for exposing said film to light, in writing against the back of the film to press it against such support for affecting the sensitive surface of the film, in exposing said film to light, and finally developing said film.

6. A method of producing designations upon a photographically sensitive element while contained in a protecting holder consisting in tracing a mark exteriorly of the holder and simultaneously duplicating the same in juxtaposition to said element within the holder and then exposing such mark and element to'light.

7. The method of producing designations upon a photographically sensitive element while contained in a holder protecting it from light and including a locally deformable opaque covering for said element, said method consisting in forming markings upon said element through said opaque covering and then exposing said element thus marked to light.

8. In combination with a holder for photographically sensitized material, means effected on the film.

10. A camera. having means to support a film, a support opposite the sensitive-surface of the film between the supports for the films and a deformable opaque covering for the portion of the film opposite said support, the deformable covering being exposed to permit the production of designations on the film. l

11. A camera having means to support a sensitized element in position for exposure, and an opaque locally deformable covering (ill for the element accessible from the exterior to permit marking against the element While it is in such position.

12. A 'canera havin means to support a film in postion for exposure, and an opening to permit marking against the film While Qht, and means to cause such marking to dined to the film While it is in such posi- 13. The combination with a camera prol with an opening at the rear of a porof its contained :lilni, of a plate Within the ca ne on the side of the film opposite to said opening and to*thc corresponding 'ace of the film to enable the production ucsignations upon the film, and means to 16. A camera having means to support a film in the line of exposure, a'ficxible opaque covering portion in rear of the film accewibio "for Writing from the exterior of the camera and support in front of a portion. of the film. and beneath the covering.

17. In a holder for sensitized photographic material. the combination with a cas r containing film holding de ices and hav an aperturein rear ot the filiil, of a support movable into and out of operative position in front of the film and opposite to said aperture and locally deformable covering for the rear side of the film opposite the support.

18. A camera having an opening back of the contained film, a flexible protector for said opening adjacent to the back of the him, a member niovably supported Within the camera at the other side of thetilni to support the film for Writing thereagainst, and

ens to hold said member acent the sensitil'e surface of the film and in opera relation to said opening and protector.

19. A camera provided with an opening back of a portion of its contained film. a support opposed to the opening and to thefisenlive race of the film, and a protecting ble strip for said opening.

A camera provided with a plate mow "'uioorted near one margin of the exl'acr ot' the contained film and plat-oil opposite a portion of b is Within the camera and protected fromv 1 light striking the film. through said such surface, said camera having an opening in the rear of said portion of the film.

21. A camera provided with a plate movably supported near one margin of the ex posure surface of the contained film and adapted to he placed in register with a por tion of such surface, said camera having an opening back or" such portion of the film, and a spring to normally hold the plate out of register with said portion of the nlm.

22. A camera rovided with aplate vably supported near one 111;. posure surface of the contained film and adapted to be placed in register with a portion of the front'surface of the film, said camera having an opening in rear of such portion of the film, and means to hold the plate in position. opposed to the opening alter it has i een so placed.

23. A. camera provided with a plate movably supported near one margin of the or; posure surface of the contained film and adapted to be placed in register with a. portion of the front surface of the film, said camera having an opening in. rear of such portion of the film, aspring to hold the plate retracted from said portion of the film, and means to retain the plate in front of the eX- posure portion the film after it has been so placed.

A holder for sensitized material having means for sup-citing a sensitive film therein and having a transfer medium so arranged with l'kfQlE-HCG to the film that the two may be jointly Written upon While the film is protected from light.

25. in a camera, the combination with means for position ho Y port arranged at one associated transfer in I j supagainst the support, the camera being vided with an opening, through which such pressure may be exerted.

26. in a camera, the combination with the casing thereof including a deformable light obstructing portion, the latter accessible to receive writing pressure from the exterior oi the camera, of means within the casing for operativcly positioning a sensitive film opposite such deformable portion, suppor registering with such portion on. the opposite side of the film, and an associated transfer medium disposed between the support and film.

27. A camera having an opening back of the contained film, a ilexible film protector for said opening, a transfer medium Within the camera. and means for reniovably retaining said transfer medium opposite said opening and in operative relation to said film to permit \x'riting thereag'alnst.

29. cau'icra havii a trans. to court with the sensitive surrace tained film, and a flexible film protector opposed to the transfer medium and accessible from the exterior of-t-he camera to permit writing against the film.

29. The combination with a holder for sensitized material, of a transfer medium on one side of the sensitized material and a locally deformable opaque covering on the opposite side accessible from the exterior of the holder and enabling the material to be written against to cause an im ression from the transfer medium to be mac e on the sensitized material.

30. A camera provided with an opening back of its film, and means to removably sustain a transfer sheet opposite the opening and in front of the film to enable the latter to be written upon.

31. A camera provided with an opening back of the contained film, a movable member within the camera adapted to be moved opposite to the opening or away therefrom so as to be made to support the film for writing'thereagainst, and a transfer medium between the film and said member.

32. A camera having a member movable into a position in front of its contained film, and a transfer sheet between the film and said member when thus positioned, said camera having means for excluding light and enabling writing against the film opposite the transfer sheet.

33. A holder for a photographic sensitized element having therein a transfer sheetand a support therefor movable into and out of proximity to said element, and means for transferring written impressions from said sheet to the element from outside the holder without admitting actinic light to the holder.

The combination of a camera provided with an opening back of a portion of its con tained film, with a plate within the iamera movable into a position in front of such portion of the film, and means to detachably fasten a transfer sheet to the plate, and fissible means to prevent light striking the film through said opening.

35. A camera having an opening back of its contained film, a member pivotally supported within the camera near one margin of the exposure portion of the film and adapted to be moved in front of said portion or" the film to support the film for writing thereagainst, a transfer medium carried by said member to be placed thereby in front of the exposure portion of the film. a stop within the camera to hold the movable member in front of the film, and means to operate said stop.

36. A camera provided with an opening back of the eontalned'fihn, and a movable member within the camera adapted to be moved in front of the film to support.- the film for writing thereagainst through the opening, a transfer medium between the film and said member, and means for maintaining said member in firm position in front of the film. i

37. A camera hating an opening back of the contained film, a member pirotally supported within. the camera, near one margin of the exposure portion of the film to support the film for writing thereagainst through the opening, means to maintain said member in front of said portion of the film,

' and a transfer medium between said member and the film.

38. A camera having an opening back of its contained film, a member pi uptallv supported within the camera near one margin of the exposure portion of the film and adapted to be moved in iront of said portion of the film to support the film for writing the plate and means tQsust-ain the plate in register with the exposure film and with the opening. I

a0. A camera provided with an opening. back of the contained film, a plate adapter to be moved into and outof register witl. the exposure portion of the film and witl the said opening, a shaftwithin the camera supporting the plate for such movement means whereby said shaft and plate are re movably retained within the camera, meant to sustain a transfer medium upon the plate portion of the 'and means to sustain the plate in registe with the exposure portion or the film am with the opening to support film i 05 writing thereagainst.

41. A camera provided with back of the contained film, a pllllti adan to be moved into and out register a the exposure portion. of the and ill: the said opening, a shaft within the earner: supporting the plate for such movement said shaft having an exteriorly arranged in dicator to indicate the position of said plati means tosus'taiu a transfer medium upothe plate and to sustain the plate ii: register wit-l: the exposure portion of th film and with the openins.

v 42. A; camera. having a perforated W3: and a film ahrader opposed to and spaced apart from such perforation; said spec alibi-ding room for locating a light-protccte photographic film between the inward snit'ace of the wall and the film abradcr where by the film may be pressed against the nbrnder by means of a stylus.

43. The method of producing designations upon a photographicall" sensitive element while contained in a holder and protected from light in part thereby and in part by a locally deformable opaque covering adjeoent one side of said element, there being amember having transfer material adj aeent the opposite side of said element, said method consisting in forming markings upon said element by pressure applied through said covering to locally transfer such material onto said element.

44. The method of producing designetions upon a photographieally sensitive element while contained in a holder and protented from light in part thereby and in part by a locally deformable opaque covering; edjacent one side of said element, there being a member heving'transfer material adjacent the opposite side of said elen1ent,said method consisting in forming markings upon said element. pressure applied through said covering to locally transfer such material onto said element, and then exnosing the marked portions of said element b0 light.

The tions upon a otogrei- L ment while contained in a holder e u l i tested from light in part thereby and in part by L locally deformable opaque covering adjacent one side of said element, there being a member having netinionlly opaque transfer material adjacent the opposite side of said elen'ient, said method consisting in forming markings upon said element by pressure applied through said covering to locally transfer such material onto said element.

Signed at New York city, in the county of New York and tate of New York, this 22nd day of lniareh A. D. 1911.

E'EJHY .l. GAISMAN.

Witnesses J. OBs'rLnn, F. A. MILLER. 

